Misinformation Evolved to Barbarism: A Case Report of Public Interest in Mass Euthanasia in Turkey

Istanbul, Turkey’s largest city, provides a poignant case study of how misinformation, conspiracy theories, and fear can lead to tragic outcomes for stray animals. In 2023, a series of viral social media posts claimed that stray dogs were responsible for a spike in rabies cases and numerous attacks on children. The same profiles now demand euthanasia as a cheap and sustainable solution, but neither is true. Despite the lack of concrete evidence to support these claims, public outcry reached a fever pitch. The plight of stray animals in Turkey has become a complex and emotionally charged issue. While public concern is genuine, recent discussions have been marred by the spread of misinformation, leading to calls for mass euthanasia – a barbaric solution that would not only be inhumane but also ineffective.

Hereby, I examine the current situation through a lens of social history, exploring the root causes of the stray animal problem and advocating for alternative, sustainable solutions.

Background: Stray Animals in Turkey

Turkey has a long history with stray animals, especially dogs and cats, which have been part of the urban landscape for centuries. In many Turkish cities, it is common to see street dogs and cats, often cared for by local residents who provide food and water. This symbiotic relationship has been a defining feature of Turkish society, blending urban life with the natural presence of animals.

Prior to 2004, the issue of stray animals largely fell outside the purview of legislation in Turkey. This resulted in a lack of coordinated efforts to address the growing stray population. A turning point came in 2004 with the enactment of Law No. 5199 on Animal Protection. This law, influenced by evolving European Union (EU) legislation on animal welfare, recognized animals as sentient beings and established basic protections for their well-being. However, the 2004 law did not explicitly address the stray animal issue, leaving gaps that continue to be debated.

Rapid urbanization, economic challenges, and changing social dynamics have led to an increase in the stray population, prompting concerns about public health, safety, and animal welfare. These concerns, though legitimate, have been exacerbated by misinformation, leading to a dangerous shift in public perception and policy. Misinformation has played a critical role in escalating the situation from concern to crisis. Social media platforms and word-of-mouth rumors have spread exaggerated stories about the dangers posed by stray animals, particularly dogs. Reports of dog attacks, rabies, and other health risks have been blown out of proportion, creating a climate of fear and hostility towards these animals.

In many cases, these stories are based on isolated incidents that do not reflect the general behavior of stray animals. However, the rapid spread of such misinformation has painted all strays with the same brush, fostering a perception that they are a significant threat to public safety.

A Deeper Look at the Causes

Turkey's stray animal population is a consequence of several factors, including abandonment, lack of spaying/neutering programs, and cultural practices of abandoning unwanted pets. Addressing these root causes is crucial for long-term progress.

Another significant factor is the inadequate implementation of spaying and neutering programs. Without these programs, stray animals continue to reproduce, leading to exponential population growth. In many areas, there is a lack of accessible and affordable veterinary services that offer spaying and neutering, making it difficult for both pet owners and animal welfare groups to control the population effectively. Additionally, there are cultural practices of abandoning unwanted pets, often due to a belief that animals will be able to fend for themselves or due to a lack of awareness about responsible pet ownership.

The Misinformation Maze (Us vs. Them)

Social media and some news outlets have unfortunately amplified misleading narratives. Exaggerated claims about the number of strays and fabricated stories of violence attributed to them fuel public fear and anger. This fosters an "us vs. them" mentality, where strays are seen as a threat rather than vulnerable creatures deserving of compassion.

In response to growing public pressure, local governments in several Turkish cities began implementing policies aimed at controlling the stray population. Unfortunately, rather than focusing on humane and sustainable solutions such as spaying, neutering, and vaccination programs, some municipalities resorted to more drastic measures, including mass euthanasia. Although euthanasia drugs were actually far more costly than sterilization.

This approach has been met with widespread condemnation from animal rights activists, veterinarians, and segments of the general public. Critics argue that mass euthanasia is not only inhumane but also ineffective in the long term. Removing animals from the streets without addressing the root causes of the stray population—such as abandonment and lack of sterilization—creates a vacuum that will eventually be filled by new strays.

Their warnings became unheard. They were labeled as elites with Western influence. The same people chanting anti-western rhetoric were also implying that European countries also resort to mass euthanasia, despite the practice being illegal in the European Union. Some have inaccurately compared Turkey's situation to the EU. While the EU prioritizes animal welfare, mass euthanasia of strays is illegal throughout the union.

In fact, the EU promotes spaying/neutering programs and responsible pet ownership as the most effective methods for managing stray populations.

This misinformation further fueled public support for the drastic measures, revealing the powerful role of perceived international norms in shaping local policies. Hardline nationalists were not allowing any free opinion different than themselves, conspiracy theories were fueled more and more each day. Misinformation continued as there were no solutions in sight as perceived by the public.

Beyond Euthanasia: Sustainable Solutions

Mass euthanasia is a demonstrably flawed approach. It is not only cruel but also ineffective and extremely costly, as new strays quickly replace culled populations.

Here are some evidence-based solutions:

• Large-scale Spaying/Neutering Programs: Sterilization significantly reduces stray populations over time.

• Clear Laws and enforcing government roles.

• Democracy that allows public examination of government facilities.

• Vaccination and Disease Control: Healthy animals pose less risk to public health.

• Adoption and Fostering Programs: Promoting pet adoption and fostering can significantly reduce stray numbers.

• Providing support for animal shelters and rescue groups: These organizations often operate with limited resources and face significant challenges in caring for and rehoming stray animals. Increased funding, volunteer support, and partnerships with local governments can enhance their capacity to manage the stray population humanely.

• Education and Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about responsible pet ownership and the importance of spaying/neutering is vital for long-term change.

The stray animal issue in Turkey requires a multi-faceted approach that prioritizes compassion and scientific solutions. Combating misinformation and advocating for spaying/neutering programs, adoption, and responsible pet ownership are key to a more humane and sustainable future for both humans and animals.